US Pharm. 2014;39(8):24-29.

ABSTRACT: Urinary incontinence affects both men and women, and especially the elderly. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research identified four types of urinary incontinence: stress, urge, mixed, and overflow. Pharmacologic agents including oral estrogens, alpha-blockers, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, ACE inhibitors, loop diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and calcium channel blockers have been implicated to some degree in the onset or exacerbation of urinary incontinence. The pharmacist should consider urinary incontinence–inducing drugs when reviewing patient profiles.

In healthy humans, voiding occurs at intervals several times a day, even though…