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Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Nonwhite Populations

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Abstract
Background:
Coffee consumption has been associated with reduced risk for death in prospective cohort studies; however, data in nonwhites are sparse.
Objective:To examine the association of coffee consumption with risk for total and cause-specific death.
Design:The MEC (Multiethnic Cohort), a prospective population-based cohort study established between 1993 and 1996.
Setting:
Hawaii and Los Angeles, California.
Participants:185 855 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites aged 45 to 75 years at recruitment.
Measurements:Outcomes were total and cause-specific mortality between 1993 and 2012. Coffee intake was assessed at baseline by means of a validated food-frequency questionnaire.
Results:58 397 participants died during 3 195 484 person-years of follow-up (average follow-up, 16.2 years). Compared with drinking no coffee, coffee consumption was associated with lower total mortality after adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders (1 cup per day: hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85 to 0.91]; 2 to 3…

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Published by connie dello buono

Connie Dello Buono is based in San Jose California. Her first ebook is about women's health, Birthing Ways Healing Ways and her recent one is about cancer prevention, Curated Healing Ways. She had helped women have holistic childbirth as childbirth educator, founded Motherhealth, to serve seniors in the bay area with holistic caregivers and blogs at www.clubalthea.com with more than 10,000 health and finance related posts. She is California Life Insurance licensed providing life insurance for older adults with health issues and helping women retire safely with income for life. lifeinsurance4women.com aims to serve all women in the USA , protect their mortgage, life, funeral and burial expenses, retirement income, and whole and term life insurance policies with long term care and disability benefits, cash back or return of premiums. 3 Benefit plans - Mortgage protection using term life insurance to pay for mortgage balance in event of death - Final Expense plan using Single Issue Whole Life Insurance, with cash back, disability benefit and guaranteed in the presence of health issues - Fixed Index Annuity retirement plan for safe, accessibility, less fees, less taxes, avoids probate as it goes directly to beneficiaries, rate of return with no downside market participation. She brings compassion and understanding to the needs of her clients, bringing holistic approach in health and life insurance. Her goal is to free families from worries especially during covid with caregivers and life insurance in the presence of health issues, especially for women. She can be reached at 408-854-1883 , motherhealth@gmail.com or connie@connielifeins.com

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